State.cpp

#include "ECF.h"
#include <fstream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <time.h>
 
 
State::State()
{
    this->population_ = static_cast<PopulationP> (new Population);
    this->crossover_ = static_cast<CrossoverP> (new Crossover);
    this->mutation_ = static_cast<MutationP> (new Mutation);
    this->context_ = static_cast<EvolutionContextP> (new EvolutionContext);
 
    XMLNode::setGlobalOptions(XMLNode::char_encoding_legacy);   // XML encoding
 
    bInitialized_ = false;
    bCommandLine_ = false;
    bAlgorithmSet_ = false;
    bGenotypeSet_ = false;
    bEvaluatorSet_ = false;
    bLoadMilestone_ = false;
    bBatchMode_ = false;
    bBatchStart_ = false;
    bBatchSingleMilestone_ = false;
    bBatchWriteStats_ = false;
 
    // register existing components:
    // algorithms
    AlgorithmP alg = static_cast<AlgorithmP> (new SteadyStateTournament);
    this->mAlgorithms_[alg->getName()] = alg;
    alg = static_cast<AlgorithmP> (new RouletteWheel);
    this->mAlgorithms_[alg->getName()] = alg;
    alg = static_cast<AlgorithmP> (new ParticleSwarmOptimization);
    this->mAlgorithms_[alg->getName()] = alg;
    alg = static_cast<AlgorithmP> (new Elimination);
    this->mAlgorithms_[alg->getName()] = alg;
    alg = static_cast<AlgorithmP> (new XCS);
    this->mAlgorithms_[alg->getName()] = alg;
    alg = static_cast<AlgorithmP> (new RandomSearch);
    this->mAlgorithms_[alg->getName()] = alg;
    alg = static_cast<AlgorithmP> (new GeneticAnnealing);
    this->mAlgorithms_[alg->getName()] = alg;
    alg = static_cast<AlgorithmP> (new DifferentialEvolution);
    this->mAlgorithms_[alg->getName()] = alg;
    alg = static_cast<AlgorithmP> (new ArtificialBeeColony);
    this->mAlgorithms_[alg->getName()] = alg;
    alg = static_cast<AlgorithmP> (new GenHookeJeeves);
    this->mAlgorithms_[alg->getName()] = alg;
    alg = static_cast<AlgorithmP> (new Clonalg);
    this->mAlgorithms_[alg->getName()] = alg;
    alg = static_cast<AlgorithmP> (new OptIA);
    this->mAlgorithms_[alg->getName()] = alg;
    alg = static_cast<AlgorithmP> (new EvolutionStrategy);
    this->mAlgorithms_[alg->getName()] = alg;
    alg = static_cast<AlgorithmP> (new AlgNSGA2);
    this->mAlgorithms_[alg->getName()] = alg;
    alg = static_cast<AlgorithmP> (new CuckooSearch);
    this->mAlgorithms_[alg->getName()] = alg;
 
#ifdef _MPI
    // paralel algorithms
    alg = static_cast<AlgorithmP> (new AlgSGenGpea);
    this->mAlgorithms_[alg->getName()] = alg;
    alg = static_cast<AlgorithmP> (new AlgAEliGpea);
    this->mAlgorithms_[alg->getName()] = alg;
    alg = static_cast<AlgorithmP> (new AlgAEliGpea2);
    this->mAlgorithms_[alg->getName()] = alg;
#endif
 
    // genotypes
    GenotypeP gen = static_cast<GenotypeP> (new BitString::BitString);
    this->mGenotypes_[gen->getName()] = gen;
    gen = static_cast<GenotypeP> (new Binary::Binary);
    this->mGenotypes_[gen->getName()] = gen;
    gen = static_cast<GenotypeP> (new Tree::Tree);
    this->mGenotypes_[gen->getName()] = gen;
    gen = static_cast<GenotypeP> (new Permutation::Permutation);
    this->mGenotypes_[gen->getName()] = gen;
    gen = static_cast<GenotypeP> (new FloatingPoint::FloatingPoint);
    this->mGenotypes_[gen->getName()] = gen;
    gen = static_cast<GenotypeP> (new Tree::APGenotype);
    this->mGenotypes_[gen->getName()] = gen;
//  gen = static_cast<GenotypeP> (new cart::Cartesian);
//  this->mGenotypes_[gen->getName()] = gen;
 
    // termination operators
    OperatorP op = static_cast<OperatorP> (new TermStagnationOp);
    this->allTerminationOps_.push_back(op);
    op = static_cast<OperatorP> (new TermMaxGenOp);
    this->allTerminationOps_.push_back(op);
    op = static_cast<OperatorP> (new TermFitnessValOp);
    this->allTerminationOps_.push_back(op);
    op = static_cast<OperatorP> (new TermMaxTimeOp);
    this->allTerminationOps_.push_back(op);
    op = static_cast<OperatorP> (new TermMaxEvalOp);
    this->allTerminationOps_.push_back(op);
 
    setRandomizer(static_cast<RandomizerP> (new SimpleRandomizer));
    this->registry_ = static_cast<RegistryP> (new Registry);
    this->logger_ = static_cast<LoggerP> (new Logger);
    this->comm_ = static_cast<CommunicatorP> (new Comm::Communicator);
    this->migration_ = static_cast<MigrationP> (new Migration);
}
 
 
void State::registerParameters()
{
    // State parameters
    registry_->registerEntry("milestone.interval", (voidP) (new uint(0)), ECF::UINT,
        "milestone saving interval in generations; 0: save only at the end (default: 0)");
    registry_->registerEntry("milestone.filename", (voidP) (new std::string("milestone.txt")), ECF::STRING,
        "milestone file (if stated) stores all the population (default: none)");
    registry_->registerEntry("batch.repeats", (voidP) (new uint(0)), ECF::UINT,
        "number of independent runs to perform (default: 1)");
    registry_->registerEntry("batch.singlemilestone", (voidP) (new uint(0)), ECF::UINT,
        "use only one milestone file for all the batch runs (1) or one for each run (0) (default: 0)");
    registry_->registerEntry("batch.statsfile", (voidP) (new std::string("")), ECF::STRING,
        "output batch end of run stats in a single file (default: none)");
 
    // milestone data
    registry_->registerEntry("milestone.generation_", (voidP) (new uint(0)), ECF::UINT);
    registry_->registerEntry("milestone.elapsedtime_", (voidP) (new uint(0)), ECF::UINT);
    registry_->registerEntry("batch.remaining_", (voidP) (new uint(0)), ECF::UINT);
    registry_->registerEntry("batch.logfile_", (voidP) (new std::string("")), ECF::STRING);
 
    ECF_LOG(this, 4, "Registering parameters: algorithms, operators");
 
    // call registerParameters() methods:
    alg_iter itAlg;
    for(itAlg = mAlgorithms_.begin(); itAlg != mAlgorithms_.end(); ++itAlg)
        itAlg->second->registerParameters(state_);
 
    // register common implicit parallel parameters (defined in Algorithm base class)
    mAlgorithms_.begin()->second->registerParallelParameters(state_);
 
    // register termination operators' parameters
    for(uint i = 0; i < allTerminationOps_.size(); i++)
        allTerminationOps_[i]->registerParameters(state_);
 
    // user-defined operators
    for(uint i = 0; i < allUserOps_.size(); i++)
        allUserOps_[i]->registerParameters(state_);
 
    mutation_->registerParameters(state_);
    crossover_->registerParameters(state_);
    randomizer_->registerParameters(state_);
    population_->registerParameters(state_);
    logger_->registerParameters(state_);
    migration_->registerParameters(state_);
    evalOp_->registerParameters(state_);
}
 
 
void State::readParameters()
{
    ECF_LOG(this, 4, "Rading parameters from the Registry");
 
    // milestone saving data
    if(registry_->isModified("milestone.filename"))
        bSaveMilestone_ = true;
    else
        bSaveMilestone_ = false;
 
    voidP sptr = registry_->getEntry("milestone.interval");
    milestoneInterval_ = *((uint*) sptr.get());
 
    sptr = registry_->getEntry("milestone.filename");
    milestoneFilename_ = *((std::string*) sptr.get());
 
    // milestone loading data
    if(registry_->isModified("milestone.generation_"))
        bLoadMilestone_ = true;
    else
        bLoadMilestone_ = false;
 
    sptr = registry_->getEntry("milestone.generation_");
    milestoneGeneration_ = *((uint*) sptr.get());
 
    sptr = registry_->getEntry("milestone.elapsedtime_");
    milestoneElapsedTime_ = *((uint*) sptr.get());
 
    // batch running data
    sptr = registry_->getEntry("batch.repeats");
    batchRepeats_ = *((uint*) sptr.get());
 
    sptr = registry_->getEntry("batch.remaining_");
    batchRemaining_ = *((uint*) sptr.get());
 
    sptr = registry_->getEntry("batch.statsfile");
    batchStatsFile_ = *((std::string*) sptr.get());
 
    sptr = registry_->getEntry("batch.logfile_");
    batchLogFile_ = *((std::string*) sptr.get());
 
    sptr = registry_->getEntry("batch.singlemilestone");
    bBatchSingleMilestone_ = (*((uint*) sptr.get()) % 2) ? true:false;
 
    if(registry_->isModified("batch.repeats") && batchRepeats_ > 1)
        bBatchStart_ = true;
    else
        bBatchStart_ = false;
}
 
 
void State::dumpParameters(std::string fileName, bool addClear)
{
    XMLNode xMainNode = XMLNode::createXMLTopNode("ECF");
    xMainNode.addAttribute("version", ECF_VERSION.c_str());
    xMainNode.addClear("ECF parameter dump - list of all parameters", "<!-- ", " -->");
 
    this->state_ = this->getState(); // obtain a sptr to this
    // register all parameters (except genotypes which are normally parsed from config)
    this->registerParameters();
 
    // register parameters for all the genotypes
    for(gen_iter itGen = mGenotypes_.begin(); itGen != mGenotypes_.end(); ++itGen) {
        itGen->second->setGenotypeId(0);
        itGen->second->registerParameters(state_);
 
        // register all crx operators
        std::vector<CrossoverOpP> crx = itGen->second->getCrossoverOp();
        for(uint iOp = 0; iOp < crx.size(); iOp++) {
            crx[iOp]->myGenotype_ = itGen->second;
            crx[iOp]->registerParameters(state_);
        }
 
        // register all mutation operators
        std::vector<MutationOpP> mut = itGen->second->getMutationOp();
        for(uint iOp = 0; iOp < mut.size(); iOp++) {
            mut[iOp]->myGenotype_ = itGen->second;
            mut[iOp]->registerParameters(state_);
        }
    }
 
    // get all parameters
    XMLNode xRegistry;
    this->registry_->dumpEntries(xRegistry);
 
    // create Algorithm node
    XMLNode xAlgorithms = XMLNode::createXMLTopNode(NODE_ALGORITHM);
    xMainNode.addChild(xAlgorithms);
 
    // extract all algorithms
    alg_iter itAlg;
    for(itAlg = mAlgorithms_.begin(); itAlg != mAlgorithms_.end(); ++itAlg) {
        
        // get algorithm name, create subnode
        std::string algorithmName = itAlg->first;
        XMLNode xAlgorithm = XMLNode::createXMLTopNode(algorithmName.c_str());
        xAlgorithms.addChild(xAlgorithm);
 
        // iterate over all entries
        for(int i = 0; i < xRegistry.nChildNode(); i++) {
            XMLNode child = xRegistry.getChildNode(i);
            std::string key = child.getAttributeValue();
            // compare to selected Algorithm
            if(key.compare(0, algorithmName.size(), algorithmName) == 0) {
                // copy entry, delete the original
                XMLNode xEntry = child.deepCopy();
                child.deleteNodeContent();
                i--;
 
                // remove algorithm name
                std::string key = xEntry.getAttribute("key");
                key.erase(0, algorithmName.length() + 1);
                xEntry.updateAttribute(key.c_str(), NULL, "key");
                xAlgorithm.addChild(xEntry);
 
                // optional: copy description attribute to XML comment
                std::string desc = xEntry.getAttribute("desc");
                if(addClear && desc != "") {
                    xAlgorithm.addClear(desc.c_str(), "<!-- ", " -->");
                }
                if(addClear)
                    xEntry.deleteAttribute("desc");
            }
        }
    }
 
    // create Genotype node
    XMLNode xGenotypes = XMLNode::createXMLTopNode(NODE_GENOTYPE);
    xMainNode.addChild(xGenotypes);
 
    // extract all genotypes
    for(gen_iter itGen = mGenotypes_.begin(); itGen != mGenotypes_.end(); ++itGen) {
        
        // get genotype name, create subnode
        std::string genotypeName = itGen->first;
        XMLNode xGenotype = XMLNode::createXMLTopNode(genotypeName.c_str());
        xGenotypes.addChild(xGenotype);
 
        // iterate over all entries
        for(int i = 0; i < xRegistry.nChildNode(); i++) {
            XMLNode child = xRegistry.getChildNode(i);
            std::string key = child.getAttributeValue();
            // compare to selected Algorithm
            if(key.compare(0, genotypeName.size(), genotypeName) == 0) {
                // copy entry, delete the original
                XMLNode xEntry = child.deepCopy();
                child.deleteNodeContent();
                i--;
 
                // remove algorithm name
                std::string key = xEntry.getAttribute("key");
                key.erase(0, genotypeName.length() + 1);
                xEntry.updateAttribute(key.c_str(), NULL, "key");
                xGenotype.addChild(xEntry);
 
                // optional: copy description attribute to XML comment
                std::string desc = xEntry.getAttribute("desc");
                if(addClear && desc != "") {
                    xGenotype.addClear(desc.c_str(), "<!-- ", " -->");
                }
                if(addClear)
                    xEntry.deleteAttribute("desc");
            }
        }
    }
 
    // optional: copy description for all registry entries
    if(addClear) {
        XMLNode xRegClear = XMLNode::createXMLTopNode(NODE_REGISTRY);
        for(int i = 0; i < xRegistry.nChildNode(); i++) {
            XMLNode xEntry = xRegistry.getChildNode(i);
            XMLNode xE2 = xEntry.deepCopy();
            std::string desc = xEntry.getAttribute("desc");
            xE2.deleteAttribute("desc");
            xRegClear.addChild(xE2);
            if(desc != "")
                xRegClear.addClear(desc.c_str(), "<!-- ", " -->");
        }
        xMainNode.addChild(xRegClear);
    }
    else
        // add remaining Registry entries
        xMainNode.addChild(xRegistry);
 
    // user request
    if(addClear)
        xMainNode.writeToFile(fileName.c_str());
    // GUI request
    else {
        std::string output(xMainNode.createXMLString());
        std::cout << output;
    }
}
 
 
 
bool State::parseConfig(std::string filename) 
{
    std::ifstream fin(filename.c_str());
    if (!fin) {
        throw std::string("Error opening file " + filename);
    }
    std::cout << "Parsing configuration file: " << filename << std::endl;
 
    std::string xmlFile, temp;
    while (!fin.eof()) {
        getline(fin, temp);
        xmlFile += "\n" + temp;
    }
 
    XMLResults results;
    xConfig_ = XMLNode::parseString(xmlFile.c_str(), "ECF", &results);
    if (results.error != eXMLErrorNone) {
        std::cout << "Configuration file: " << XMLNode::getError(results.error);
        std::cout << " (line " << results.nLine << ", col " << results.nColumn << ")" << std::endl;
        throw("");
    }
 
    if (xConfig_.isEmpty())
        return false;
 
    int n = xConfig_.nChildNode();
    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        XMLNode     child = xConfig_.getChildNode(i);
        std::string name  = child.getName();
        bool        ok    = true;
 
        if (name == NODE_REGISTRY) 
            ok &= registry_->readEntries(child);
        else if (name == NODE_ALGORITHM)
            ok &= parseAlgorithmNode(child);
        else if (name == NODE_GENOTYPE)
            ok &= parseGenotypeNode(child);
        else if (name == NODE_POPULATION)
            continue;
        else 
            std::cout << "Unknown node: " << name << std::endl;
 
        if (!ok)
            throw "";
    }
 
    return true;
}
 
 
bool State::parseAlgorithmNode(XMLNode node)
{
    int n = node.nChildNode();
    if (n > 1)
        std::cout << "Warning: multiple Algorithm nodes found! (using the first one)" << std::endl;
 
    XMLNode child = node.getChildNode(0);
    alg_iter alg = mAlgorithms_.find(child.getName());
    if (alg == mAlgorithms_.end()) {
        throw std::string("Error: unknown Algorithm : ") + child.getName();
    }
 
    algorithm_ = alg->second;
    bAlgorithmSet_ = true;
 
    if (! registry_->readEntries(child, child.getName()))
        return false;
 
    return true;
}
 
 
bool State::parseGenotypeNode(XMLNode node)
{
    int n = node.nChildNode();
    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        XMLNode child = node.getChildNode(i);
        gen_iter gen = mGenotypes_.find(child.getName());
        if (gen == mGenotypes_.end()) {
            throw std::string("Error: unknown Genotype : ") + child.getName();
        }
 
        uint genotypeId = (uint)genotype_.size();
        gen->second->setGenotypeId(genotypeId);
        gen->second->registerParameters(state_);
        setGenotype(gen->second);
 
        if (!registry_->readEntries(child, child.getName(), genotypeId))
            return false;
    }
 
    return true;
}
 
 
bool State::initializeComponents(int argc, char **argv)
{
    try {
        // initialize evolutionary context
        context_->initialize();
 
        if(!bBatchStart_)
            logger_->initialize(state_);
        randomizer_->initialize(state_);
 
        // initialize single instance of active genotypes
        // (active genotypes - the ones that the individuals are made of, which is defined in the configuration file)
        // State keeps a single uninitialized object of all active Genotypes
        ECF_LOG(this, 4, "Initializing active genotypes...");
        for(uint i = 0; i < genotype_.size(); i++) {
            GenotypeP copy = (GenotypeP) genotype_[i]->copy();
            bInitialized_ &= copy->initialize(state_);
        }
        if(!bInitialized_) {
            throw "Error: Genotype initialization failed!";
        }
 
        // MPI communicator
        bInitialized_ &= comm_->initialize(state_, argc, argv);
 
        // damo algoritmu pointer na operator evaluacije i pointere na repozitorij krizanja i mutacije
        ECF_LOG(this, 4, "Initializing population and algorithm...");
        algorithm_->evalOp_ = this->evalOp_;
        algorithm_->crossover_ = crossover_;
        algorithm_->mutation_ = mutation_;
        algorithm_->state_ = state_;
        algorithm_->initialize(state_); 
 
        population_->initialize(state_);
        algorithm_->initializeParallel(state_); // provjera impl. paralelizacije (nakon population_->initialize zbog podjele procesa po demovima)
 
        ECF_LOG(this, 4, "Initializing genetic operators...");
        mutation_->initialize(state_);
        crossover_->initialize(state_);
        migration_->initialize(state_);
 
        // initialize termination ops
        ECF_LOG(this, 4, "Initializing termination operators...");
        activeTerminationOps_.clear();
        for(uint i = 0; i < allTerminationOps_.size(); i++)
            if(allTerminationOps_[i]->initialize(state_))
                activeTerminationOps_.push_back(allTerminationOps_[i]);
        // if no term operators are configured, activate default (the first)
        if(activeTerminationOps_.empty())
            activeTerminationOps_.push_back(allTerminationOps_[0]);
 
        // initialize user ops
        ECF_LOG(this, 4, "Initializing user defined operators...");
        activeUserOps_.clear();
        for(uint i = 0; i < allUserOps_.size(); i++)
            if(allUserOps_[i]->initialize(state_))
                activeUserOps_.push_back(allUserOps_[i]);
 
        // evaluation op. initializes last
        ECF_LOG(this, 4, "Initializing evaluation operator...");
        if(!evalOp_->initialize(state_))
            throw "Error: Evaluation operator initialization failed!";
 
        // generate one individual
        ECF_LOG(this, 4, "Generating test individual...");
        individual_ = (IndividualP) (new Individual(state_));
 
    } // try
 
    catch(std::string& msg) {
        std::cout << msg << std::endl;
        bInitialized_ = false;
    }
    catch(const char* msg) {
        std::cout << msg << std::endl;
        bInitialized_ = false;
    }
    catch(...) {
        std::cout << "Unknown error in initialization!" << std::endl;
        bInitialized_ = false;
    }
 
    return bInitialized_;
}
 
 
FitnessP State::getFitnessObject()
{   
    try {
        if(!fitness_) {
            context_->evaluatedIndividual = individual_;
            fitness_ = evalOp_->evaluate(individual_);
        }
 
    }
    catch(...) {
        std::cout << "Error in evaluation operator!" << std::endl;
    }
 
    return fitness_;
}
 
 
bool State::runBatch()
{
    bBatchStart_ = false;
    bBatchMode_ = true;
 
    bool bUseLog = registry_->isModified("log.filename");
 
    // are we restoring from a milestone file
    if(!bLoadMilestone_)
        batchRemaining_ = batchRepeats_;
    uint numerals = 1 + (uint) (log((double) batchRepeats_) / log((double) 10.));
 
    // get logfile name and extension
    std::string logFileName = *(std::string*) registry_->getEntry("log.filename").get();
    std::string logFileExt = "";
    if(bLoadMilestone_)
        logFileName = batchLogFile_;
    else
        batchLogFile_ = logFileName;
 
    if(logFileName.find_last_of(".") != std::string::npos) {
        logFileExt = logFileName.substr(logFileName.find_last_of("."));
        logFileName = logFileName.substr(0, logFileName.find_last_of("."));
    }
 
    // get milestone name and extension
    std::string milestoneName = *(std::string*) registry_->getEntry("milestone.filename").get();
    std::string milestoneExt = "";
    if(milestoneName.find_last_of(".") != std::string::npos) {
        milestoneExt = milestoneName.substr(milestoneName.find_last_of("."));
        milestoneName = milestoneName.substr(0, milestoneName.find_last_of("."));
    }
 
    // (re)open stats file, if defined
    std::ofstream statsFile;
    if(registry_->isModified("batch.statsfile")) {
        if(bLoadMilestone_)
            statsFile.open(batchStatsFile_.c_str(), std::ios_base::app);
        else {
            statsFile.open(batchStatsFile_.c_str());
            statsFile << "runId\tfit_min\tfit_max\tfit_avg\tfit_std\t#evals\ttime\tgen\n";
        }
        if(!statsFile) {
            ECF_LOG_ERROR(this, "Error: can't open batch statsfile (" + batchStatsFile_ + ")!");
            return false;
        }
        statsFile.close();
        bBatchWriteStats_ = true;
    }
 
    uint runId = batchRepeats_ - batchRemaining_ + 1;
 
    // perform algorithm runs
    for(; runId <= batchRepeats_; runId++) {
        // set current logfile
        if(bUseLog) {
            std::stringstream ss;
            ss << std::setw(numerals) << std::setfill('0') << runId;
            std::string currentLogName = logFileName + "_" + ss.str() + logFileExt;
            registry_->modifyEntry("log.filename", (voidP) new std::string(currentLogName));
        }
 
        // set current milestone
        if(!bBatchSingleMilestone_) {
            std::stringstream ss;
            ss << std::setw(numerals) << std::setfill('0') << runId;
            milestoneFilename_ = milestoneName + "_" + ss.str() + milestoneExt;
        }
 
        // run
        bInitialized_ = true;
        if(!initializeComponents(argc_, argv_))
            break;
        ECF_LOG(this, 1, "Running in batch mode: run " + uint2str(runId) + "/" + uint2str(batchRepeats_));
        run();
        batchRemaining_--;
 
        // write stats (PECF: only master process)
        if(comm_->getCommGlobalRank() == 0) {
            if(bBatchWriteStats_) {
                statsFile.open(batchStatsFile_.c_str(), std::ios_base::app);
                std::vector<double> stats = population_->getStats()->getStats();
                statsFile << runId << '\t';
                statsFile << stats[ECF::FIT_LOW] << '\t' << stats[ECF::FIT_HIGH] << '\t' << stats[ECF::FIT_AVG] << '\t' << stats[ECF::FIT_DEV] << '\t';
                statsFile << stats[ECF::STAT_EVAL] << '\t' << stats[ECF::STAT_TIME] << '\t' << getGenerationNo() << '\n';
                statsFile.close();
            }
        }
    }
 
    // ugly workabout for MPI_Finalize, which may only be called once
    // (shouldn't be called at the end of a single run)
    bBatchMode_ = false;
    comm_->finalize();
 
    if(bInitialized_)
        std::cout << "Batch mode end (" << batchRepeats_ << " runs concluded)." << std::endl;
 
    if(statsFile)
        statsFile.close();
    return true;
}
 
 
 
bool State::initialize(int argc, char **argv)
{
    this->state_ = this->getState(); // obtain a sptr to this
 
    genotype_.clear();
    mutation_->operators.clear();
    crossover_->operators.clear();
 
    bInitialized_ = false;
    argc_ = argc;
    argv_ = argv;
    std::string config_file;
 
    try {
 
        std::cout << "-- ECF, version " << ECF_VERSION << " --" << std::endl;
 
        if(!bEvaluatorSet_) {
            throw "Error: no EvaluateOp defined!";
        }
 
        if (argc > 1) {
            // parse arguments: return success if command line option is recognized
            if(parseCommandLine(argc, argv))
                return false;
 
            // otherwise, assume configuration file name as argument
            config_file = argv[1];
        }
 
        registerParameters();
 
        if (config_file != "") {
            parseConfig(config_file);
        }
        else {
            std::cout << "Warning: no configuration file given." << std::endl;
            std::cout << "Example usage: <ECF_executable> <parameter_file>" << std::endl;
        }
 
        // use the default algorithm
        if (!bAlgorithmSet_)
            algorithm_ = mAlgorithms_.find("SteadyStateTournament")->second;
 
        if(!bGenotypeSet_) {
            throw "Error: no Genotype defined!";
        }
 
        readParameters();
 
        // set init flag, then test with each component initialization
        bInitialized_ = true;
 
        initializeComponents(argc, argv);
 
        // if multiple runs, milestone will get parsed in State::run()
        if (bBatchStart_)
            return true;
 
        if(bLoadMilestone_)
            loadMilestone();
 
        ECF_LOG(this, 4, "Initialization complete.");
 
    } // try
 
    catch(std::string& msg) {
        std::cout << msg << std::endl;
    }
    catch(const char* msg) {
        std::cout << msg << std::endl;
    }
    catch(...) {
        std::cout << "Unknown error in initialization!" << std::endl;
    }
 
    return bInitialized_;
}
 
 
 
bool State::parseCommandLine(int argc, char** argv)
{
    // read all arguments
    std::vector< std::string > arg;
    for(int i = 0; i < argc; i++)
        arg.push_back(argv[i]);
 
    bCommandLine_ = true;
 
    // GUI related arguments
    if(arg[1] == "-gui") {
        if(argc > 3 && arg[2] == "-pardump")
            dumpParameters(arg[3], false);
    }
 
    // dump all parameters
    else if(arg[1] == "-pardump") {
        if(argc < 3) {
            std::cout << "No output file given for parameter dump! (usage: <executable> -pardump <filename>)" << std::endl;
        }
        else {
            std::cout << "Exporting complete parameter list to \'" << arg[2] << "\'...\n";
            dumpParameters(arg[2]);
        }
    }
 
    // display cmd arguments
    else if(arg[1].substr(0,2) == "-h" || arg[1].substr(0,3) == "--h") {
        std::cout << "Current command line arguments:\n";
        std::cout << "\t<parameter_file>   run ECF with given parameter file\n";
        std::cout << "\t-pardump <file>    dump all parameters in a given file\n";
        std::cout << "\t-h, -help          display this help\n";
    }
 
    else
        bCommandLine_ = false;
 
    return bCommandLine_;
}
 
 
 
bool State::isImplicitParallel()
{   return algorithm_->isImplicitParallel();    }
 
 
bool State::isAlgorithmParallel()
{   return algorithm_->isParallel();    }
 
 
void State::write(XMLNode& xState)
{
    registry_->modifyEntry("milestone.generation_", (voidP) (new uint(getGenerationNo())));
    registry_->modifyEntry("milestone.elapsedtime_", (voidP) (new time_t(elapsedTime_)));
    registry_->modifyEntry("batch.remaining_", (voidP) (new uint(batchRemaining_)));
    if(batchLogFile_ != "")
        registry_->modifyEntry("batch.logfile_", (voidP) (new std::string(batchLogFile_)));
    else
        registry_->modifyEntry("batch.logfile_", (voidP) (new std::string("*")));
}
 
 
void State::saveMilestone()
{
    XMLNode xMainNode = XMLNode::createXMLTopNode("ECF");
    xMainNode.addAttribute("milestone", ctime(&currentTime_));
 
    XMLNode xMilestone;
    this->write(xMilestone);
    xMainNode.addChild(xMilestone);
 
    XMLNode xNode = this->xConfig_.getChildNode(NODE_ALGORITHM);
    xNode = xNode.deepCopy();
    xMainNode.addChild(xNode);
    xNode = this->xConfig_.getChildNode(NODE_GENOTYPE);
    xNode = xNode.deepCopy();
    xMainNode.addChild(xNode);
 
    this->registry_->write(xNode);
    xMainNode.addChild(xNode);
 
    // save population
    XMLNode xPopulation;
    population_->write(xPopulation);
    xMainNode.addChild(xPopulation);
 
#ifdef _MPI
    if(comm_->getCommGlobalRank() != 0)
        return;
#endif
 
    xMainNode.writeToFile(milestoneFilename_.c_str());
}
 
 
void State::loadMilestone()
{
    ECF_LOG(this, 4, "Loading population and evolutionary context from milestone...");
    XMLNode xPopulation = xConfig_.getChildNode("Population");
    population_->read(xPopulation);
 
    context_->generationNo_ = milestoneGeneration_;
}
 
 
 
//
// setting components
//
 
uint State::setGenotype(GenotypeP genotype)
{
    genotype_.push_back((GenotypeP) genotype->copy());
    uint index = (uint) genotype_.size() - 1;
    genotype_[index]->setGenotypeId(index);
    genotype->setGenotypeId(index);
 
    genotype_[index]->registerParameters(state_);
 
    // read genotype's operators and register their parameters
    crossover_->operators.push_back(genotype_[index]->getCrossoverOp());
    for(uint iOp = 0; iOp < crossover_->operators[index].size(); iOp++) {
        crossover_->operators[index][iOp]->myGenotype_ = genotype_[index];
        crossover_->operators[index][iOp]->registerParameters(state_);
    }
 
    mutation_->operators.push_back(genotype_[index]->getMutationOp());
    for(uint iOp = 0; iOp < mutation_->operators[index].size(); iOp++) {
        mutation_->operators[index][iOp]->myGenotype_ = genotype_[index];
        mutation_->operators[index][iOp]->registerParameters(state_);
    }
 
    bGenotypeSet_ = true;
    return index;
}
 
void State::setAlgorithm(AlgorithmP algorithm)
{
    algorithm_ = algorithm;
    bAlgorithmSet_ = true;
}
 
 
void State::setEvalOp(EvaluateOpP eval)
{
    evalOp_ = eval;
    bEvaluatorSet_ = true;
}
 
 
void State::setEvalOp(EvaluateOp* eval)
{
    evalOp_ = (EvaluateOpP) eval;
    bEvaluatorSet_ = true;
}
 
 
//
// adding components
//
 
bool State::addGenotype(GenotypeP gen)
{
    mGenotypes_[gen->getName()] = gen;
    return true;
}
 
 
bool State::addAlgorithm(AlgorithmP alg)
{
    mAlgorithms_[alg->getName()] = alg;
    return true;
}
 
bool State::addOperator(OperatorP op)
{
    allUserOps_.push_back(op);
    return true;
}
 
 
 
//
// run methods
//
 
#ifndef _MPI
bool State::run()
{
    // command line only (no evolution)
    if(bCommandLine_)
        return false;
 
    if(!bInitialized_) {
        std::cout << "Error: Initialization failed!" << std::endl;
        return false;
    }
 
    if(bBatchStart_) {
        ECF_LOG(this, 5, "Batch mode detected: running batch");
        runBatch();
        return true;
    }
 
    startTime_ = time(NULL);
    std::string stime = ctime(&startTime_);
    ECF_LOG(this, 3, "Start time: " + stime);
    // adjust with previous runtime (from milestone)
    startTime_ -= milestoneElapsedTime_;
 
    // evaluate initial population
    ECF_LOG(this, 2, "Evaluating initial population...");
    algorithm_->initializePopulation(state_);
 
    currentTime_ = time(NULL);
    elapsedTime_ = currentTime_ - startTime_;
    ECF_LOG(this, 2, "Generation: " + uint2str(context_->generationNo_));
    ECF_LOG(this, 2, "Elapsed time: " + uint2str((uint) elapsedTime_));
    population_->updateDemeStats();
 
    // call user-defined operators
    ECF_LOG(this, 4, "Calling user defined operators...");
    for(uint i = 0; i < activeUserOps_.size(); i++)
        activeUserOps_[i]->operate(state_);
 
    // termination ops
    ECF_LOG(this, 4, "Checking termination conditions...");
    for(uint i = 0; i < activeTerminationOps_.size(); i++)
        activeTerminationOps_[i]->operate(state_);
 
    // run the algorithm
    while(context_->bTerminate_ == false) {
        context_->generationNo_++;
        ECF_LOG(this, 5, "Calling the active algorithm");
        algorithm_->advanceGeneration(state_);
 
        currentTime_ = time(NULL);
        elapsedTime_ = currentTime_ - startTime_;
        ECF_LOG(this, 2, "Generation: " + uint2str(context_->generationNo_));
        ECF_LOG(this, 2, "Elapsed time: " + uint2str((uint) elapsedTime_));
 
        population_->updateDemeStats();
 
        // call user-defined operators
        ECF_LOG(this, 4, "Calling user defined operators...");
        for(uint i = 0; i < activeUserOps_.size(); i++)
            activeUserOps_[i]->operate(state_);
 
        // termination ops
        ECF_LOG(this, 4, "Checking termination conditions...");
        for(uint i = 0; i < activeTerminationOps_.size(); i++)
            activeTerminationOps_[i]->operate(state_);
 
        if(context_->bTerminate_)
            logger_->saveTo(true);
        else
            logger_->saveTo();
 
        if(bSaveMilestone_ && 
                milestoneInterval_ > 0 && context_->generationNo_ % milestoneInterval_ == 0)
            saveMilestone();
 
        migration_->operate(state_);
    }
 
    // output HallOfFame
    XMLNode xHoF;
    population_->getHof()->write(xHoF);
    char *out = xHoF.createXMLString(true);
    ECF_LOG(this, 1, "\nBest of run: \n" + std::string(out));
    freeXMLString(out);
 
    logger_->saveTo(true);
    if(bSaveMilestone_)
        saveMilestone();
 
    logger_->closeLog();
 
    return true;
}
 
 
#else // _MPI
bool State::run()
{
    // command line only (no evolution)
    if(bCommandLine_)
        return false;
 
    if(bBatchStart_) {
        runBatch();
        return true;
    }
 
    // TODO: perform AND_reduce with bInitialized on all processes
    if(!bInitialized_) {
        std::cout << "Error: Initialization failed!" << std::endl;
        logger_->saveTo();
        if(comm_->isInitialized())
            comm_->finalize();
        return false;
    }
 
    startTime_ = time(NULL);
    std::string stime = ctime(&startTime_);
    ECF_LOG(this, 3, "Start time: " + stime);
    // adjust with previous runtime (from milestone)
    startTime_ -= milestoneElapsedTime_;
 
    // in PECF, every process works with deme '0'
    // 'deme masters' - processes with index 0 in local communicator
    // only deme masters know of whole population
    if(comm_->getCommRank() == 0) {
        ECF_LOG(this, 2, "Evaluating initial population...");
    }
 
    // every process participates in the initial population evaluation
    algorithm_->initializePopulation(state_);
    comm_->synchronize();
 
    if(comm_->getCommRank() == 0) {
        // dodatna inicijalizacija za implicitni paralelizam - mozda promijeniti...
        if(isImplicitParallel())
            algorithm_->initializeImplicit(state_);
    }
 
    // run the algorithm
    while(context_->bTerminate_ == false) {
 
        currentTime_ = time(NULL);
        elapsedTime_ = currentTime_ - startTime_;
        if(comm_->getCommGlobalRank() == 0) {
            ECF_LOG(this, 2, "Generation: " + uint2str(context_->generationNo_));
            ECF_LOG(this, 2, "Elapsed time: " + uint2str((uint) elapsedTime_));
        }   
 
        // deme masters initiate population statistics and HoF update
        if(comm_->getCommRank() == 0) {
            population_->updateDemeStats();
 
            if(bSaveMilestone_ && milestoneInterval_ > 0 && context_->generationNo_ % milestoneInterval_ == 0)
                saveMilestone();
        }
 
        // global process 0 checks termination condition and signals deme masters
        if(comm_->getCommGlobalRank() == 0) {
            ECF_LOG(this, 4, "Checking termination conditions...");
            for(uint i = 0; i < activeTerminationOps_.size(); i++)
                activeTerminationOps_[i]->operate(state_);
 
            for(uint i = 1; i < population_->getNoDemes(); i++)
                comm_->sendTerminateMessage(comm_->getDemeMaster(i), context_->bTerminate_);
        }
        // deme masters receive info
        else if(comm_->getCommRank() == 0)
            context_->bTerminate_ = comm_->recvTerminateMessage(0);
 
        // deme masters signal workers of evolution continuation
        algorithm_->bcastTermination(state_);
 
        // deme masters call migration operator
        if(comm_->getCommRank() == 0) {
            migration_->operate(state_);
        }
 
        // call user-defined operators
        ECF_LOG(this, 4, "Calling user defined operators...");
        for(uint i = 0; i < activeUserOps_.size(); i++)
            activeUserOps_[i]->operate(state_);
 
        if(context_->bTerminate_ == true) {
            logger_->saveTo(true);
            break;
        }
 
        logger_->saveTo();
 
        context_->generationNo_++;
        ECF_LOG(this, 5, "Calling the active algorithm");
        algorithm_->advanceGeneration(state_);
    }
 
    logger_->setLogFrequency(1);
    if(comm_->getCommGlobalRank() == 0) {
        // output HallOfFame
        XMLNode xHoF;
        population_->getHof()->write(xHoF);
        std::string out = xHoF.createXMLString(true);
        ECF_LOG(this, 1, "\nBest of run: \n" + out);
 
        logger_->saveTo(true);
    }
 
    if(comm_->getCommRank() == 0 && bSaveMilestone_)
        saveMilestone();
 
    logger_->saveTo(true);
 
    // communicator
    comm_->finalize();
 
    return true;
}
#endif // _MPI